NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What is the recommended onset time after hospital admission for starting HAP/VAP treatment?

Within 24 hours
48 hours or more
72 hours or more
Immediately upon admission

The correct answer is: 48 hours or more

For patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) or Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), it is recommended to start treatment within 48 hours of hospital admission. Starting treatment promptly is essential to ensure appropriate management of the infection and improve patient outcomes. Waiting longer than 48 hours to initiate therapy increases the risk of complications and worsens the prognosis for the patient. Options A (Within 24 hours), C (72 hours or more), and D (Immediately upon admission) are not the recommended onset times for starting treatment in patients with HAP/VAP. Initiating treatment too early (immediately upon admission) may lead to unnecessary antibiotic use without confirming the diagnosis, potentially contributing to antibiotic resistance. Waiting for 72 hours or more before beginning treatment can worsen the patient's condition and increase the risk of complications. Therefore, the optimal timing for starting HAP/VAP treatment is within 48 hours after hospital admission.